Microvascular complications refer to the damage that occurs to the small blood vessels throughout the body, typically as a result of long-term complications associated with diabetes. These complications can affect various organs and tissues, including the eyes (leading to diabetic retinopathy), kidneys (leading to diabetic nephropathy), and nerves (leading to diabetic neuropathy). These complications are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in individuals with diabetes and are a significant area of research in the fields of endocrinology and vascular biology. Researchers are working to better understand the underlying mechanisms of microvascular complications, develop improved diagnostic tools, and identify potential treatments to prevent or slow the progression of these complications.